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The Maitrayaniya Upanishad ((サンスクリット:मैत्रायणीय उपनिषद्), ) is an ancient Sanskrit text that is embedded inside the Yajurveda.〔Charles Johnston (1920-1931), The Mukhya Upanishads, Kshetra Books, ISBN 9781495946530 (Reprinted in 2014)〕〔Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 327-386〕 It is also known as the Maitri Upanishad ((サンスクリット:मैत्री उपनिषद्), ), and is listed as number 24 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads. The Maitrayaniya Upanishad is associated with the ''Maitrayanas'' school of the Yajurveda.〔 It is a part of the "black" Yajurveda, with the term "black" implying "the un-arranged, motley collection" of content in Yajurveda, in contrast to the "white" (well arranged) Yajurveda where Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and Isha Upanishad are embedded.〔Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 217-219〕 The chronology of Maitrayaniya Upanishad is contested, but generally accepted to be a late period Upanishadic composition.〔Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0231144858, Chapter 1〕 The Maitrayaniya Upanishad consists of seven ''Prapathakas'' (lessons). The first ''Prapathaka'' is introductory, the next three are structured in a question-answer style and discuss metaphysical questions relating to Atman (Self, Soul), while the fifth to seventh ''Prapathaka'' are supplements.〔 However, several manuscripts discovered in different parts of India contain lesser number of ''Prapathakas'', with a Telugu language version showing just four, and another Burnell version showing just one section.〔 The content and structure of the Upanishad is also different in various manuscript recensions, suggesting that the Upanishad was extensively interpolated and expanded over a period of time. The common kernel of the Upanishad across different recensions, states Max Muller, is a reverence for soul, that can be summarized in a few words as, "(Man) is the Self – the immortal, the fearless, the Brahman".〔Max Muller, The Upanishads, Part 2, (Maitrayana-Brahmana Upanishad Introduction ), Oxford University Press, pages xliii-lii〕 The Maitrayaniya Upanishad is an important ancient text notable, in its expanded version, for its references to theories also found in Buddhism, elements of the Samkhya and Yoga schools of Hinduism, as well as the Ashrama system.〔Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814684, pages 328-329〕 The text is also notable for its practice of ''Anyatrapyuktam'' (or ''Ityevam Hyaha''), that is being one of the earliest known Sanskrit texts that embedded quotes with credits and frequent citations to more ancient Sanskrit texts.〔 ==Etymology== The etymological root of the Maitrayaniya Upanishad are unclear. This has historically led to a variety of names and spellings for this Upanishad.〔 ''Maitra'' (Sanskrit: मैत्र) and ''Maitri'' (मैत्री) are related words which literally mean "kindly, benevolent, good will, amity, friend of all creatures".〔(see maitrI and maitra ) Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cologne Digital Lexicon, Germany〕 The likely root for the Upanishad is probably the name of an ancient Indian scholar, Maitra, sometimes spelled Maitri or Maitreya, giving the text the alternate name of Maitri or Maitra Upanishad.〔〔(Maitri Upanishad - Sanskrit Text with English Translation ) EB Cowell (Translator), Cambridge University, Bibliotheca Indica, See Preface chapter pages iii-vii〕〔 The ancient scholar is also credited with a school of thought, thus giving the text the name Maitrayaniya Upanishad. Other names for this text include Maitrayani Upanishad (मैत्रायणि उपनिषद्), Maitrayana Upanishad, Maitrayaniya-brahmana Upanishad, Sriyagussakhayam Maitrayaniya-brahmana Upanishad, Maitreyopanishad and Maitrayaniyopanishad.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maitrayaniya Upanishad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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